Entanglement-Enhanced Quantum Metrology
In addition to improved
computation, quantum theory allows enhanced precision in certain
classes of measurements. The general idea behind these protocols is the
exploitation of quantum entanglement.
The quantum gyroscope uses
entangled particles to increase the phase-sensitivity in a Mach-Zehnder
interferometer. In Quantum lithography path-entangled photons are used
to beat the diffraction limit of classical light. This potentially
allows for smaller features on semi-conductor micro-chips.
Quantum clock synchronization
purports to increase the precision in the synchronization of two remote
atomic clocks. The two parties share an entangled dark state which does
not evolve in time. After measurement this evolution is effectively
switched on.
JPL has an ongoing program in the
development of theory and experiment of quantum-atomic, matter-wave
interferometers for precision gravimetry and inertial guidance, for
space and terrestrial applications. Quantum atomic gravity gradiometers
can be used for precision mapping of the Earth's gravitational
field--as well as in inertial navigation systems in order to compensate
for gravitationally-induced errors.
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